Physiological illusions

Physiological illusions

A scintillating grid illusion. Shape, position, colour, and 3D contrast converge to produce the illusion of black dots at the intersections.

Physiological illusions, such as the afterimages following bright lights, or adapting stimuli of excessively longer alternating patterns (contingent perceptual aftereffect), are presumed to be the effects on the eyes or brain of excessive stimulation or interaction with contextual or competing stimuli of a specific type - brightness, colour, position, tile, size, movement, etc. The theory is that a stimulus follows its individual dedicated neural path in the early stages of visual processing, and that intense or repetitive activity in that or interaction with active adjoining channels cause a physiological imbalance that alters perception

The Hermann grid illusion and Mach bands are two illusions that are best explained using a biological approach. Lateral inhibition, where in the receptive field of the retina light and dark receptors compete with one another to become active, has been used to explain why we see bands of increased brightness at the edge of a colour difference when viewing Mach bands. Once a receptor is active it inhibits adjacent receptors. This inhibition creates contrast, highlighting edges. In the Hermann grid illusion the gray spots appear at the intersection because of the inhibitory response which occurs as a result of the increased dark surround.^[1] Lateral inhibition has also been used to explain the Hermann grid illusion, but this has been disproved.^{[citation needed]} More recent "empirical" approaches to optical illusions have had some success in explaining optical phenomena with which theories based on lateral inhibition have struggled (e.g. Howe et al. 2005^[2]).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion

حیوانات در اصطلاحات انگلیسی(Animals (۱

"میمون" در اصطلاحات انگلیسی

 
1- To monkey around: احمقانه رفتار کردن

2- Monkey business: رفتار بد یا بدون صداقت

3- To make a monkey out of someone: کسی را احمق جلوه دادن

"زنبور" در اصطلاحات انگلیسی

 
1- Busy as a bee: به کسی گفته می شود که خیلی سرش شلوغ است و کار زیاد دارد یا مثل زنبور این طرف و آن طرف می رود تا کارها را انجام دهد.

2- The bee's knees: کاری که خوب و با کیفیت عالی انجام شده باشد.

3- To have a bee in your bonnet: وقتی کسی خیلی نگران است و دائما درباره نگرانی اش حرف می زند.

http://www.rasekhoon.net/forum/threadshow-216325-1.aspx

Songs of Innocence and Experience (William Blake

“The Lamb”

Little Lamb who made thee
Dost thou know who made thee
Gave thee life & bid thee feed.
By the stream & o’er the mead;
Gave thee clothing of delight,
Softest clothing wooly bright;
Gave thee such a tender voice,
Making all the vales rejoice!
Little Lamb who made thee
Dost thou know who made thee

Little Lamb I’ll tell thee,
Little Lamb I’ll tell thee!
He is called by thy name,
For he calls himself a Lamb:
He is meek & he is mild,
He became a little child:
I a child & thou a lamb,
We are called by his name.
Little Lamb God bless thee.
Little Lamb God bless thee.

عشق

http://www.aksfa.net

: چند مطلب آموزنده جالب ۲

We spend too recklessly, laugh too little, drive too fast, get to angry too quickly, stay up too late, get up too tired, read too little, watch TV too often, and pray too seldom

بدون ملاحظه ایام را میگذرانیم، خیلی کم میخندیم، خیلی تند رانندگی میکنیم، خیلی زود عصبانی میشویم، تا دیروقت بیدار میمانیم، خیلی خسته از خواب برمیخیزیم، خیلی کم مطالعه میکنیم، اغلب اوقات تلویزیون نگاه میکنیم و خیلی بندرت دعا میکنیم

We have multiplied our possessions, but reduced our values
We talk too much, love too little and lie too often

چندین برابر مایملک داریم اما ارزشهایمان کمتر شده است.
خیلی زیاد صحبت میکنیم، به اندازه کافی دوست نمیداریم و خیلی زیاد دروغ میگوییم

چند لغت

یک گله گوسفند                                    a flock of sheep

یک رشته پلکان                                       a flight of stairs

یک گروه سارق                                       a gang of thieves

ازدحام مگسها                                         a swarm of flies

یک خوشه انگور                                      a bunch of grapes

 یک رشته کوه                                         a rang of mountains

یک دسه گل

                                                             a bouquet of flowers

یک گله گاو

                                                                  a herd of cows

  انجمن معلمان                                        a staff of teachers

یک تیم فوتبال

                                                             a team of footballers

a pack of cards                                        یک بسته کارت       

کتاب نمونه های نثر ساده پیام نور                                   

امید

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