سیمای مرد هنرمند در جوانی

Portrait is a complete rewrite of Joyce's earlier attempt at the story Stephen Hero, with which he grew frustrated in 1905. Large portions of Stephen Hero found their way, sometimes nearly unchanged, into Portrait, but the tone was changed considerably in order to focus more exclusively on the perspective of Stephen Dedalus. For instance, several of his siblings made prominent appearances in the earlier novel, but are almost completely absent in Portrait. The incomplete first draft of Stephen Hero was published posthumously in 1944.

Literary style

Stylistically, the novel is written as a third-person narrative with minimal dialogue, though towards the very end of the book dialogue-intensive scenes involving Dedalus and some of his friends, in which Dedalus posits his complex, Thomist aesthetic theory, and finally journal entries by Stephen, are introduced. Since the work covers Stephen's life from the time he was a child to his growing independence and ultimate abandoning of Ireland as a young man, the style of the work progresses through each of its five chapters, with the complexity of language gradually increasing. The book's opening pages have famous examples of Stephen's thoughts and conscious experienc

when he is a child. Throughout the work, language and prose are used to portray indirectly the state of mind of the protagonist, and the subjective impact of the events of his life. Hence the fungible length of some scenes and chapters, where Joyce's intent was to capture the subjective experience through language, rather than to present the actual experience through prose narrative. The writing style is also notable for Joyce's omission of quotation marks; he indicated dialogue by beginning a paragraph with a dash, as is common in French. The novel, like all of Joyce's published works, is not dedicated to anyone.

Allusions in novel

The book is set in Joyce's native Ireland, especially in Dublin. It deals with many Irish issues such as the quest for autonomy and the role of the Catholic Church. A particular figure, who is also mentioned in Dubliners and Ulysses, and alluded to in Finnegans Wake, is the Irish leader Charles Stewart Parnell.

The myth of Daedalus and Icarus features prominently in the novel. In Greek mythology, Daedalus is an architect and inventor who becomes trapped in a labyrinth of his own construction. Later, he finds himself on an island and fashions wings of feathers and wax for his son (Icarus) and for himself, so that they can escape. As they fly away Icarus grows bolder and flies higher, until, finally, he flies too close to the sun, which causes the wax to melt. Icarus plummets to the sea.

Stephen's name is an allusion to Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr. Stephen Dedalus, like Saint Stephen, has conflicts with the established religion. The Divine Comedy is also echoed in the name Stephen gives his aunt – Dante. Dante is so-called because of the way 'The Auntie' sounds in her Cork accent. The epigram is from Ovid's Metamorphoses, Et ignotas animum dimittit in artes ("And he sets his mind to unknown arts").

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man

سیمای مرد هنرآفرین در جوانی، (به انگلیسی: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man) نام رمانی از جیمز جویس است که در سال ۱۹۱۶ منتشر شد.

این داستان، که ماجراهای پسری ۲ ساله را تا ۲۰ سالگی بیان می‌کند، بسیار زیبا و پیچیده است و در آن به مسایل زیادی مثل ایرلند، انسان، کودک، ترس و خدا پرداخته می‌شود. منتقدان بر این باورند که این داستان مقدمهٔ داستان اولیس شاهکار جیمز جویس و زندگی‌نامه اوست.

نویسنده روایت رمان را که توسط سوم شخص مفرد بیان شده با ذهنیات استفان ددالوس ادغام کرده و خواننده در بعضی قسمت‌های رمان با این ادغام روایت و ذهنیت مواجه می‌شود. نویسنده، تلاش ددالوس را برای غلبهٔ روحی بر عوامل منفی اطرافش از جمله رفتار نامناسب برخی از معلمین و خشونتی که بین پسرهای مدرسه رواج دارد، شرح داده و نوسانات درونی ددالوس برای این غلبه روحی مورد نظر جویس بوده‌است.

جویس در شخصیت اصلی رمان، یعنی استفان ددالوس، تردید و آشفتگی و پوچ‌گرایی نسل جدید را نشان داده‌است. نویسنده از تلمیح استفاده کرده و با استفاده از متن کتاب مقدس صحنه مرگ و قیامت را در این رمان نوشته است.

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