پرسی بیش شلی:Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley (4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822; pronounced /ˈpɜːsi ˈbɪʃ ˈʃeli/ (UK) /ˈpɝːsi ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛli/ (US) )^[2] was one of the major English Romantic poets and is critically regarded among the finest lyric poets in the English language. Shelley was famous for his association with John Keats and Lord Byron. The novelist Mary Shelley was his second wife.

He is most famous for such classic anthology verse works as Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, and The Masque of Anarchy, which are among the most popular and critically acclaimed poems in the English language. His major works, however, are long visionary poems which included Queen Mab, Alastor, The Revolt of Islam, Adonaïs, and the unfinished work The Triumph of Life. The Cenci (1819) and Prometheus Unbound (1820) were dramatic plays in five and four acts respectively. He wrote the Gothic novels ZastrozziSt. Irvyne (1811) and the short prose works "The Assassins" (1814), "The Coliseum" (1817) and "Una Favola" (1819). In 2008, he was credited as the co-author of the novel Frankenstein (1818) in a new edition by the Bodleian Library in Oxford and Random House in the U.S. entitled The Original Frankenstein edited by Charles E. Robinson.^[3][4][5] (1810) and

Shelley's unconventional life and uncompromising idealism, combined with his strong disapproving voice, made him an authoritative and much-denigrated figure during his life and afterward. Shelley never lived to see the extent of his success and influence. Some of his works were published, but they were often suppressed upon publication. Up until his death, with approximately 50 readers as his audience, it is said he made no more than 40 pounds from his writings.

He became an idol of the next three or even four generations of poets, including the important Victorian and Pre-Raphaelite poets. He was admired by Karl Marx, Oscar Wilde, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, William Butler Yeats, Upton Sinclair, Isadora Duncan,^[6] and Jiddu Krishnamurti ("Shelley is as sacred as the Bible.")^[7]Henry David Thoreau's civil disobedience and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's passive resistance were influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action.[8

Major works

• (1810) The Wandering Jew^[37]
• (1810) Zastrozzi
• (1810) Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire
• (1810) Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson: Being Poems Found Amongst the Papers of That Noted Female Who Attempted the Life of the King in 1786
• (1811) St. Irvyne; or, The Rosicrucian
• (1811) The Necessity of Atheism
• (1812) The Devil's Walk: A Ballad
• (1813) Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem
• (1814) A Refutation of Deism: in a Dialogue
• (1815) Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude
• (1815) Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit (chapbook)
• (1816) Mont Blanc
• (1817) Hymn to Intellectual Beauty (text)
• (1817) Laon and Cythna; or, The Revolution of the Golden City: A Vision of the Nineteenth Century
• (1817) The Revolt of Islam, A Poem, in Twelve Cantos
• (1817) History of a Six Weeks' Tour through a part of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland (with Mary Shelley)
• (1818) Ozymandias (text)
• (1818) Plato, The Banquet (or The Symposium) translation from Greek into English^[38]
• (1818) Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (Preface)^[3][39]
• (1818) Rosalind and Helen: A Modern Eclogue
• (1819) The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts
• (1819) Ode to the West Wind (text)
• (1819) The Masque of Anarchy
• (1819) Men of England
• (1819) England in 1819
• (1819) The Witch of Atlas
• (1819) A Philosophical View of Reform
• (1819) Julian and Maddalo: A Conversation
• (1819) Peter Bell the Third (published in 1839)
• (1820) Prometheus Unbound, A Lyrical Drama, in Four Acts
• (1820) To a Skylark
• (1820) Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts
• (1821) Adonaïs
• (1821) Hellas, A Lyrical Drama
• (1821) Plato, Ion, translation from Greek into English
• (1821) A Defence of Poetry (first published in 1840)
• (1821) Epipsychidion
• (1822) The Cloud
• (1822) The Triumph of Life (unfinished, published in 1824)

[Short prose works

• "The Assassins, A Fragment of a Romance" (1814)
• "The Coliseum, A Fragment" (1817)
• "The Elysian Fields: A Lucianic Fragment"
• "Una Favola (A Fable)" (1819, originally in ItalianEssays

• Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things (1811)
• The Necessity of Atheism (1811)
• Declaration of Rights (1812)
• A Defence of Poetry
• A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
• On the Vegetable System of Diet (1814-1815)
• On Love (1818)
• On Life (1815)
• On a Future State (1815)
• On The Punishment of Death
• Speculations on Metaphysics
• Speculations on Morals
• On Christianity
• On the Literature, the Arts and the Manners of the Athenians
• On The Symposium, or Preface to The Banquet Of Plato
• On Friendship
• On Frankenstein

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley

پرسی بیش شلی

از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

پرترهٔ پرسی بیش شلی

پرسی بیش شلی(به انگلیسی: Percy Bysshe Shelley) (زادهٔ ۱۷۹۲ مرگ ۱۸۲۲) شاعرغزل‌سرای انگلیسی بود.

او در خانواده‌ای نجیب زاده و نامدار زاده شد. آموزشش را پدرش و سپس کشیشی به نام ادواردز به عهده گرفتند. همچنین از سوی مادر با شعر انگلیسی آشنا شد. جو سیاسی خانواده اش در آینده و بر چامه‌هایش اثر نهاد. در ده سالگی او را به دبستان فرستادند. در ۱۸۰۴ روانهٔ مدرسهٔ ایتون که چندعمویش در آنجا آموزگار بودند شد. در طول شش سال آموزش در این مدرسه دانش آموزی کامیاب بود ولی با همکلاسیهایش مشکل داشت و آنها بدو لقب شلی دیوانه را داده بودند. پس از چندی به نشر اثرهای نظم و نثر خود پرداخت و در این راه پدربزرگش وی را یاری داد. او چند داستان نوشت. در زمینهٔ شهر دلبستهٔ والتر اسکات و تامس گری بود. به شکار نیز دلبسته بود. در هجده سالگی به دانشگاه آکسفورد رفت و در آنجا با تامس جفرسون هوک آشنا شد که او به شلی در کارهایش یاری بسیار نمود. بیشتر شعرهای او میان سالهای ۱۸۱۲ تا ۱۸۱۳ سروده شد و در آن زمان به چاپ نرسید ولی معشوقه اش هاریت آنها را گردآوری نمود. نخستین اثر منظوم او ملکه ماب نام داشت که در آن زمان شاعری چون لرد بایرون آنرا تایید نمودند. او چند سفر هم به ایتالیا و ایرلند رفت.

سرانجام هنگامی که با چند تن از دوستانش به خلیج اسپزیا رفته بود در آب غرق شد و پیکرش را چند روز پس آن در کرانهٔ دریا یافتند. تن او را سوزاندند و خاکسترش را به کلیسای پرتستان رم سپردند.

 اثرها

• ملکه ماب
• آلاستور
• شورش اسلام
• ساحرهٔ اطلس
• ادونائیس
• سنسی
• پرومتئوس رهاشده
• سرود برای جمال معنوی
• من بلان
• رزالیند و هلن
• جولیان و مادالاو

لغتنامهٔ دهخدا، سرواژهٔ شلی

http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki