۱۹۸۴

1984 [Nineteen Eighty-Four]. رمانی از جرج اورول (اسم مستعار: اریک آرتور بلر (1)، 1903-1950)، نویسنده انگلیسی، که در 1949 منتشر شد. لندن، پایتخت نخستین منطقه هوایی اوسئانیا (2)، در 1984؛ لندنی که همه جایش را خرابه‌های جنگلهای گذشته و ابنیه ویران و ساختمانهای کهنه پوشانده است و چهار بنای عظیم وزارتخانه‌های حقیقت، صلح، عشق و فراوانی بر آن سایه افکنده است. همه‌جا فقط تصویر مردی چهل و پنج ساله، سبیل کلفت، با خطوط سیمای چشمگیر و زیبا دیده می‌شود: «برادر ارشد»، رئیس عالی حزب، که انسان از هرطرف که با آن بنگرد نگاه خیره او را متوجه خود می‌یابد؛ همه‌جا پرده‌های تلویزیونی مراقب حرکات، بازتابها، و سیمای انسان‌اند تا به پلیس افکار خبر دهند. سه شعار بر این دنیا حکمفرماست: «جنگ صلح است. آزادی بردگی است. جهل قدرت است.» وینستون اسمیت (3) سی و نه ساله خسته شده است.

مزرعه حیوانات

مزرعه حیوانات [Animal Farm]:اثری از جرج اورول (اسم مستعار اریک آرتور بلر،‌1903-1950)، نویسنده انگلیسی. «آقای جونز،‌ از مزرعه مانوار،‌ عقلش رسیده بود به این که شب در مرغدانیها را قفل کند،‌ ولی به قدری مست بود که فراموش کرده بود هواکشهای زیر در را مسدود کند.»  حیوانات با استفاده از تاریکی شب در اطراف رئیس معمرشان، خوک نری که انقلاب حیوانات علیه انسان استثمارگر را تبلیغ می‌کند و اینک در حال مرگ است،‌ گرد می‌آیند؛  دو خوک جوان،‌ موسوم به اسنوبال و سزار،‌ در رأس جنگ مقدس قرار می‌گیرند. با راندن آقای جونز،‌ مزرعه را آزاد می‌کنند،‌ یک ارتش کار و منافع اشتراکی ترتیب می‌دهند. تردیدی نیست که پیروزی به سختی حاصل شده است؛ اما به خصوص سزار که در یگانه مداخله‌ای که آدم‌ها می‌کوشند به عمل بیاورند،‌ با شجاعتی که از خود نشان می‌دهد خود را از دیگران متمایز می‌گرداند. اما اسنوبال، در راه کسب نفوذ،‌ مبارزه‌ای پنهان بر ضد او راه می‌اندازد تا روزی که به یاری چند سگ نگهبان که در خفا بزرگ کرده است موفق به اخراج او می‌شود. توضیحی که داده می‌شود این است که سزار همواره خائن و طرفدار آدمها بوده است. چون خوک تبعیدی بدون دوست نیست،‌ نظام وحشت برقرار می‌شود و این نظام خیلی زود وعده‌‌‌های خوش روزهای اول را از یاد می‌برد و به فکر تقلب و دست‌کاری در اصول عمده می‌افتد. از طرفی‌،‌ حیوانات چیزهایی را که سزار به آنها آموخته است و آنها در گذشته فراگرفته‌اند اندک‌اندک از یاد می‌برند: به زودی کار به جایی می‌رسد که آنها دیگر حتی نمی‌توانند بخوانند و فقط اصولی را که نبوغ جاه‌طلب و خرده‌بین اسنوبال برای تثبیت قدرت خود ابداع می‌کند به زحمت می‌توانند من‌من‌کنان بر زبان برانند. کارهای بزرگ و نمایشی رئیس جدید به نحوی رقت‌بار با شکست مواجه می‌شود،‌ ولی این شکستها تنها به افزایش وحشت می‌انجامد؛‌ بدون شک، گاهگاهی فردی معترض بانگ برمی‌دارد که به انقلاب خیانت شده است،‌ اما سگ‌های نگهبان خیلی زود او را به سر عقل می‌آوردند. و اندک اندک کار به جایی می‌کشد که نژاد خوک‌ها در امر استثمار سایر حیوانات جای آدمها را می‌گیرد. بالاخره، روزی فرا می‌رسد که اسنوبال تجارت با مزرعه مجاور و فروش کار حیوانات‌ « آزاد شده» برای تأمین منافع یاران و خویشان خود را ابداع می‌کند. و در پایان،‌ برنامه دیدار آدمهاست از خوکها،  خوکهایی که به سبب «نظم» حاکم بر مزرعه و اطاعت حیوانات از خوکهایی که لباس آدم به تن کرده‌اند و می‌کوشند روی دو پا راه بروند. این پیروزی اسنوبال است... اشاره به این نماد، روشن است. این یکی از بی‌رحمانه‌ترین و شدیدترین هجویه‌های موجود است و در فاصله 1943 تا 1944، هنگامی که جرج اورول در بی‌بی‌سی کار می‌کرد، نوشته شده است و در سنتی انگلیسی جای می‌گیرد که از دوران مور و سویفت، در قلمرو مدینه فاضله،‌ درصدد است از سرخوردگیهای حاضر انتقام بگیرد.                                   

قاسم صنعوی. فرهنگ آثار. سروش. 

George Orwel 2. Eric Arthur Blair 3.Jones 4.Manoir 5.Snowball 6.More 7.Swift 

http://www.ketabnews.com

Wuthering Heights :بلندیهای بادگیر /عشق هرگز نمی میرد

Wuthering Heights is the only novel by Emily Brontë. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, and a posthumous second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte.

The name of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors on which the story centres (as an adjective; wuthering is a Yorkshire word referring to turbulent weather). The narrative tells the tale of the all-encompassing and passionate, yet thwarted, love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and many around them.

Now considered a classic of English literature, Wuthering Heights met with mixed reviews by critics when it first appeared, mainly because of the narrative's stark depiction of mental and physical cruelty.^[1][2] Though Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre was generally considered the best of the Brontë sisters' works during most of the nineteenth century, many subsequent critics of Wuthering Heights argued that its originality and achievement made it superior.^[3] Wuthering Heights has also given rise to many adaptations and inspired works, including films, radio, television dramatisations, a musical by Bernard J. Taylor, ballet, opera, role-playing game, and song. 

 Plot

The Sound and the Fury :خشم و هیاهو (ویلیام فالکنر)

The Sound and the Fury is a novel written by the American author William Faulkner. It employs a number of narrative styles, including the technique known as stream of consciousness, pioneered by 20th century European novelists such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. Published in 1929, The Sound and the Fury was Faulkner's fourth novel, and was not immediately successful. In 1931, however, when Faulkner's sixth novel, Sanctuary, was published — a sensationalist story which Faulkner later claimed was written only for money — The Sound and the Fury also became commercially successful, and Faulkner began to receive critical attention.

In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century 

Plot introduction

The Sound and the Fury is set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County. The novel centers on the Compson family, former Southern aristocrats who are struggling to deal with the dissolution of their family and its reputation. The novel is separated into four distinct sections. The first, April 7, 1928, is written from the perspective of Benjamin "Benjy" Compson, a 33-year-old man with severe mental handicaps. Benjy's section is characterized by a highly disjointed narrative style with frequent chronological leaps. The second section, June 2, 1910, focuses on Quentin Compson, Benjy's older brother, and the events leading up to his suicide. In the third section, April 6, 1928, Faulkner writes from the point of view of Jason, Quentin's cynical younger brother. In the fourth and final section, set a day after the first, on April 8, 1928, Faulkner introduces a third person  omniscient point of view. The last section primarily focuses on Dilsey, one of the Compson's black servants. Jason is also a focus in the section, but Faulkner presents glimpses of the thoughts and deeds of everyone in the family.

novel of "To the Lighthouse

To the Lighthouse (5 May 1927) is a novel by Virginia Woolf. A landmark novel of high modernism, the text, centring on the Ramsay family and their visits to the Isle of Skye in Scotland between 1910 and 1920, skilfully manipulates temporality and psychological exploration.

To the Lighthouse follows and extends the tradition of modernist novelists like Marcel Proust and James Joyce, where the plot is secondary to philosophical introspection, and the prose can be winding and hard to follow. The novel includes little dialogue and almost no action; most of it is written as thoughts and observations. The novel recalls the power of childhood emotions and highlights the impermanence of adult relationships. Among the book's many tropes and themes are those of loss, subjectivity, and the problem of perception.

In 1998, the Modern Library named To the Lighthouse No. 15, on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.^[1] In 2005, the novel was chosen by TIME magazine as one of the one hundred best English-language novels from 1923 to present. 

Part I: The Window

The novel is set in the Ramsays' summer home in the Hebrides, on the Isle of Skye. The section begins with Mrs Ramsay assuring James that they should be able to visit the lighthouse on the next day. This prediction is denied by Mr Ramsay, who voices his certainty that the weather will not be clear, an opinion that forces a certain tension between Mr and Mrs Ramsay, and also between Mr Ramsay and James. This particular incident is referred to on various occasions throughout the chapter, especially in the context of Mr and Mrs Ramsay's relationship.

The Ramsays have been joined at the house by a number of friends and colleagues, one of them being Lily Briscoe, who begins the novel as a young, uncertain painter attempting a portrayal of Mrs. Ramsay and James. Briscoe finds herself plagued by doubts throughout the novel, doubts largely fed by the claims of Charles Tansley, another guest, that women can neither paint nor write. Tansley himself is an admirer of Mr Ramsay and his philosophical treatises.

The section closes with a large dinner party. When Augustus Carmichael, a visiting poet, asks for a second serving of soup, Mr Ramsay nearly snaps at him. Mrs Ramsay, who is striving for the perfect dinner party, is herself out of sorts when Paul Rayley and Minta Doyle, two acquaintances whom she has brought together in engagement, arrive late to dinner, as Minta has lost her grandmother’s brooch on the beach. 

The Great Gatsby /گتسبی بزرگ(داستان عشقی)

The Great Gatsby is a novel by the American author F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published on April 10, 1925, it is set on Long Island's North Shore and in New York City during the summer of 1922. It is a critique of the American Dream.

The novel takes place following the First World War. American society enjoyed having unprecedented levels of prosperity during the "roaring" 1920s as the economy soared. At the same time, Prohibition, the ban on the sale and manufacture of alcohol as mandated by the Eighteenth Amendment, made millionaires out of bootleggers. After its republishing in 1945 and 1953, it quickly found a wide readership and is today widely regarded as a paragon of the Great American Novel, and a literary classic. The Great Gatsby has become a standard text in high school and university courses on American literature in countries around the world,^[1] and is ranked second in the Modern Library's lists of the 100 Best Novels of the 20th Century.

Plot

Nick Carraway, the narrator, is a young bachelor from a patrician Midwestern family, who graduates from Yale in 1915. After fighting in World War I, he returns to the Midwest before settling in New York City to "learn the bond business." Despite his wealthy upbringing, Nick himself has a very modest living.

Nick explains that in 1922 he rented a small bungalow between two mansions in West Egg, a wealthy community on Long Island Sound. Across the bay was East Egg, inhabited by the "old aristocracy," including Tom and Daisy Buchanan. Daisy is Nick's second cousin once removed and Nick knew of Tom, a football player at New Haven. Nick describes the Buchanans in a visit to their East Egg mansion: although phenomenally wealthy, Tom's glory days are behind him; he is a dilettante. Daisy, although engaging and attractive, is pampered and superficial, largely ignoring her three-year-old daughter. Daisy's friend Jordan Baker, a well-known female golfer, shows an interest in Nick and tells him that Tom has a mistress in New York City.

One day Tom and Nick take a train ride together to New York and on the way they stop at a shabby garage owned by George Wilson, where Nick is introduced to the owner's wife, Myrtle (Tom's mistress). Nick accompanies Tom and Myrtle to their Manhattan love-nest, where Myrtle presides over a pretentious party that includes her sister and several others. Nick learns that Tom and Myrtle began their affair following a chance encounter on a train. Though he finds the evening increasingly unbearable, he does not leave until Tom breaks Myrtle's nose in a spat.

Nick learns that his next-door neighbor, who throws lavish parties hosting hundreds of people, is the wealthy and mysterious Jay Gatsby. Nick receives an invitation one weekend and attends, finding the party wild and fun. However, he also discovers the guests do not know much about Gatsby and that rumors about the man are contradictory. Nick runs into Jordan Baker, who invites him to join her. While looking for Gatsby, they run into a man with large "Owl Eye" glasses admiring Gatsby's collection of books. Later, a man strikes up a conversation with Nick, claiming to recognize him from the US Army's Third Infantry Division. Nick mentions his difficulty in finding the host, and the man reveals himself to be Gatsby. An odd, yet close, friendship between Nick and Gatsby begins.

One day, Gatsby takes Nick to New York City for lunch. Gatsby presents a clichéd description of his life as a wealthy dilettante and war hero to an incredulous Nick, but the latter is convinced when Gatsby displays a war medal and photograph. At lunch, Gatsby introduces a bemused Nick to underworld figure Meyer Wolfsheim (based on Arnold Rothstein). Nick then sees Tom and tries to introduce Gatsby, but finds that Gatsby has disappeared.

Jordan Baker later reveals to Nick that Gatsby had fallen in love with Daisy in 1917 as an Army Lieutenant stationed near Daisy's hometown, Louisville. After the war, Gatsby came east and bought his mansion near Daisy and Tom, where he hosts parties hoping she will visit. Jordan says Gatsby would like Nick to arrange a meeting with Daisy. Nick agrees, and invites Daisy and Gatsby to his house. The reunion is initially awkward, but Gatsby and Daisy begin a love affair. An affair also begins for Nick and Jordan, but Nick predicts their relationship will be superficial.

Daisy invites Gatsby and Nick to her mansion, where Tom discovers that Gatsby loves Daisy and, accompanied by Nick and Jordan, they depart for the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan. Tom insists he and Gatsby switch cars; as he stops by Wilson's garage for gas he flaunts Gatsby's roadster. At the hotel Tom confronts Gatsby about their affair. Gatsby urges Daisy to say she never loved Tom; Daisy says that although she did love Tom "once," she loved Gatsby "too." Tom mockingly tells Gatsby nothing can happen between him and Daisy. Gatsby retorts that the reason Daisy married Tom was because he (Gatsby) was too poor to marry Daisy. Tom visibly loses composure and reveals that Gatsby is a bootlegger. Gatsby tries to defend himself to Daisy. However, Tom knows Daisy's superficial nature very well and by taking away Gatsby's air of financial security, Daisy is now beyond his reach. With the situation between Tom and Gatsby tense, Daisy runs out of the hotel, with Gatsby following her, to Gatsby's car, where she insists on driving home as it will calm her nerves. Tom, believing he has bested Gatsby, leaves with Nick and Jordan.

George Wilson, also suspicious that his wife is having an affair, argues with her. Myrtle runs outside as Gatsby's roadster approaches (believing it to be Tom), only to be struck and killed by the car. Daisy and Gatsby speed away. Later, Tom, Jordan and Nick notice a commotion by Wilson's garage on their way to East Egg, and stop. While George mourns, moaning over his wife's body, a bystander tells of having seen a yellow car strike Myrtle. As George takes in this information, Tom tells George the car wasn't his, but George doesn't seem to listen and Tom, Jordan, and Nick leave.

Later that night Nick learns the truth of the accident from Gatsby — Daisy was driving when the car struck Myrtle. The next morning Nick finds Gatsby depressed, unsure whether Daisy still loves him, and awaits a call from her. Seeing himself as Gatsby's closest friend, Nick advises Gatsby to leave for a week. "They're a rotten crowd," Nick says, "You're worth the whole damn bunch put together."

Having tracked the owner of the roadster, Wilson appears at Gatsby's mansion with a gun. Wilson finds Gatsby floating in his pool and kills him before committing suicide.

Despite Nick's efforts, few people attend Gatsby's funeral. In the end, only Nick, Gatsby's father, and the "owl-eyed" man, who admired the books in Gatsby's library, show up at his funeral.

Nick severs connections with Jordan (who claims to be engaged to another man, although Nick believes she is lying). Also, Nick has a run-in with Tom, who admits that he revealed that Gatsby was the owner of the roadster to George Wilson, leading the deranged man to find and kill Gatsby.

Disgusted with Tom and Daisy, Nick returns permanently to the Midwest, reflecting on Gatsby's dreams and the sad and cyclical nature of the past.

Major characters

• Nick Carraway (narrator)—bond salesman from Chicago, a Yale graduate, a World War I veteran, and a resident of Long Island. He is Gatsby's next-door neighbor.
• Jay Gatsby (originally James Gatz)—a young, mysterious millionaire later revealed to be a bootlegger, originally from North Dakota, with shady business connections and an obsessive love for Daisy Fay Buchanan, whom he had met when he was a young officer in World War I.
• Daisy Buchanan née Fay—an attractive and effervescent, if shallow young woman; Nick's second cousin, once removed; and the wife of Tom Buchanan. Daisy is believed to have been inspired by Fitzgerald's own youthful romance with Chicago heiress Ginevra King^{[clarification needed]} or his wife Zelda, or combination of the two. Gatsby courted but lost Daisy five years earlier due to their different social standing, the main reason Fitzgerald believed he had lost Ginevra.^[11]
• Tom Buchanan—an arrogant "old money" millionaire who lives on East Egg, and Daisy's husband. Buchanan had parallels to William Mitchell, the Chicagoan who married Ginevra King. Buchanan and Mitchell were both Chicagoans with an interest in polo. Like Ginevra's father, whom Fitzgerald resented, Buchanan attended Yale and is a white supremacist.^[11]
• Jordan Baker—She is Daisy Buchanan's long-time friend, a professional golf player with a slightly shady reputation. Fitzgerald told Maxwell Perkins that his character was based on the golfer Edith Cummings, a friend of Ginevra King.^[11]
• George B. Wilson—a mechanic and owner of a garage
• Myrtle Wilson—George Wilson's wife and Tom Buchanan's mistress. She is killed when Daisy runs her over while driving Gatsby's car.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby

سیمای مرد هنرمند در جوانی

Portrait is a complete rewrite of Joyce's earlier attempt at the story Stephen Hero, with which he grew frustrated in 1905. Large portions of Stephen Hero found their way, sometimes nearly unchanged, into Portrait, but the tone was changed considerably in order to focus more exclusively on the perspective of Stephen Dedalus. For instance, several of his siblings made prominent appearances in the earlier novel, but are almost completely absent in Portrait. The incomplete first draft of Stephen Hero was published posthumously in 1944.

Literary style

Stylistically, the novel is written as a third-person narrative with minimal dialogue, though towards the very end of the book dialogue-intensive scenes involving Dedalus and some of his friends, in which Dedalus posits his complex, Thomist aesthetic theory, and finally journal entries by Stephen, are introduced. Since the work covers Stephen's life from the time he was a child to his growing independence and ultimate abandoning of Ireland as a young man, the style of the work progresses through each of its five chapters, with the complexity of language gradually increasing. The book's opening pages have famous examples of Stephen's thoughts and conscious experienc

when he is a child. Throughout the work, language and prose are used to portray indirectly the state of mind of the protagonist, and the subjective impact of the events of his life. Hence the fungible length of some scenes and chapters, where Joyce's intent was to capture the subjective experience through language, rather than to present the actual experience through prose narrative. The writing style is also notable for Joyce's omission of quotation marks; he indicated dialogue by beginning a paragraph with a dash, as is common in French. The novel, like all of Joyce's published works, is not dedicated to anyone.

Allusions in novel

The book is set in Joyce's native Ireland, especially in Dublin. It deals with many Irish issues such as the quest for autonomy and the role of the Catholic Church. A particular figure, who is also mentioned in Dubliners and Ulysses, and alluded to in Finnegans Wake, is the Irish leader Charles Stewart Parnell.

The myth of Daedalus and Icarus features prominently in the novel. In Greek mythology, Daedalus is an architect and inventor who becomes trapped in a labyrinth of his own construction. Later, he finds himself on an island and fashions wings of feathers and wax for his son (Icarus) and for himself, so that they can escape. As they fly away Icarus grows bolder and flies higher, until, finally, he flies too close to the sun, which causes the wax to melt. Icarus plummets to the sea.

Stephen's name is an allusion to Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr. Stephen Dedalus, like Saint Stephen, has conflicts with the established religion. The Divine Comedy is also echoed in the name Stephen gives his aunt – Dante. Dante is so-called because of the way 'The Auntie' sounds in her Cork accent. The epigram is from Ovid's Metamorphoses, Et ignotas animum dimittit in artes ("And he sets his mind to unknown arts").

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man

ماجراهای تام سایر

ماجراهای تام سایر [The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]: اثری از مارک تواین (سمیوئل لنگهورن کلمنز،‌ 1835-1910)،‌ نویسنده امریکایی، که در 1876 انتشار یافت. این کتاب،‌ چنان‌که خود مؤلف نوشته است،‌ گزارش ماجراهایی است که به سر هم درسانش آمده است. اما اگرچه تصویر هک فین چنان‌که بود نگاشته شده است، تام سایر خصوصیت‌های سه بچه‌ای را که نویسنده با ایشان آشنایی داشت در وجود یک شخصیت خلاصه می کند. خرافاتی که در این کتاب به آن وقع گذاشته می‌شود‌ در آن دوره‌ای که حوادث این داستان اتفاق می‌افتد،‌ هنوز در میان بچه‌ها و بردگان غرب (امریکا) زنده بود. «تواین» اثر خویش را به نیت قشر وسیعی می‌نوشت و می‌خواست به خوانندگانش یادآور شود که آنها چه بوده‌اند، چه اندیشه‌هایی داشته‌اند، و گهگاه دست به چه اقدام‌های عجیبی می‌زده‌اند. پس با این کتاب، حماسه رئالیست گسترده‌ای آغازمی‌کرد.می‌توان گفت که به بررسی نخستین ساکنان دشتهای غرب وسطا می‌پرداخت، و این حماسه و بررسی چندی دیگر با ماجراهای هکلبری فین،‌ که همین قهرمانها را در آن بازمی‌یابیم،‌ خاتمه یافت. ماجراهای تام سایر پیش از هر چیز سرگذشت تام و هک، دو دوست جدایی‌ناپذیر‌ است که شبی برای دفن گربه‌ای در قبرستان دهکده به راه افتادند. سرگذشت تام و رفقایش،‌ مثل بقیه کتاب، همانا بهانه‌ای برای توصیف وجوه گوناگون سرزمینی  است که دو قهرمان در آن زندگی می‌کنند.    تام و هک، در جریان آن شب کذایی توی قبرستان شاهد قتلی می‌شوند. در واقع، جوی سرخپوست و شخصی به نام ماف پاتر، که نیمه مست عنان اختیارش را به دست جو داده است،‌به اتفاق دکتر ناحیه برای نبش قبری به گورستان می‌روند. ناگهان بر سر قیمتی که سرخپوست برای انجام دادن این کار و حفظ سکوت در این باره خواستار می‌شود، بین سه مرد نزاع در می‌گیرد، و کینه کهنی که سرخپوست در دل دارد بر این نزاع دامن می‌زند: دکتر به ضرب مشتی موفق می‌شود که پاتر را گیج کند، اما سرانجام به دست جو، که کارد پاتر را به کار می‌برد، کشته می‌شود. و جو، پس از این کار، بی‌هوشی پاتر را غنیمت می‌شمارد و کارد را به دست او می‌دهد. وقتی که پاتر به هوش می‌آید به زور تلقینهای جو خودش را به عامل این جنایت می‌پندارد. فردای آن روز، قتل کشف می‌شود و کارد خون‌آلود هم که بغل جسد به جای مانده است پیدا می‌شد و پاتر باعث برهم‌خوردن آرامشش شده است منقلب می‌شود.    محاکمه: اتهام سرخپوست که چون تام درصدد برداشتن نقاب از چهره‌اش برمی‌آید، از پنجره فرار می‌کند، پشیمانی تام که به غاری پناه برده است، رو به رو شدنش با سرخپوست که می‌خواهد که از وی انتقام بگیرد،‌ و خلاصه مرگ جو، صحنه‌های حماسه‌ای هستند که نوجوان در آن میان به صورت قهرمان درمی‌آید. هر چه باشد،‌ ماجراهای تام سایر از حیث ارزش به پای هکلبری فین نمی‌رسد و علت این امر آن است که تواین،‌ در پشت نقاب این سیما، عکس‌العمل‌های کودکی خویش و ماجراهای خودش را دنبال و بررسی می‌کرد.     نویسنده این دو قهرمان را در کتابهایی چون تام سایر: کاراگاه ‍‍]Tom Sawyer: Detective] و تام سایر در خارجه [Tom Sawyer Abroad] که بعداً در 1878 و 1894 انتشار یافته است، دوباره به میان آورد. این کتابها، کتابهایی است که قهرمانانشان در باطن اشخاص حقیقی هستند و جنایت مورد بحث،‌ چنان‌که خود نویسنده می‌گوید،‌از جریان محاکمه‌ای که در سویس صورت گرفت الهام گرفته شده است.     قهرمانان این ماجرا دو برادر دوقلو و مطلقاً مشابه یکدیگر هستند. یکی از این دو برادر دزدی است که همدستانش در تعقیب او هستند  زیرا که محصول دزدی‌شان را ربوده است و دیگری عنصر بی‌کاره‌ای است که در روستا زندگی می‌کند. یکی از این دو برادر کشته می‌شود و همه گمان می‌برند که مقتول برادر دوم است، زیرا که برادر اول سالهاست که ناپدید شده است. عموی پیر تام متهم به این قتل می‌شود زیرا دلایلی وجود داشت که از مقتول کینه‌ای به دل داشته باشد اما تام کشف می‌کند که مقتول برادر دیگر است و برادر دومی به این قصد جای او را گرفته است که وسیله اتهام عمو سیلاس و خانه‌خرابی او را فراهم بیاورد. کشف این نکته در جریان محاکمه صورت می‌گیرد و درست به هنگامی که گمان برده می‌شد که سرنوشت عموی پیر روشن شده است.    این داستان، در میان همه داستانهای مارک تواین داستانی است که صفات مشخصه قلم نویسنده را کمتر می‌توان در آن پیدا کرد. در چاپ نهایی آثار مارک تواین،‌ داستان معروف«سرقت فیل سفید» و «دیدار با یک مصاحبه‌گر» را که به عکس گویاترین نمونه روح هجایی و طنز او شمرده می‌شوند، با اینکه از لحاظ ادبی ارزشی کمتر از آثار دیگرش دارند،‌ در همان جلد می‌بینیم. تام سایر در خارجه داستان سفری با بالون است که قهرمان داستان بر فراز اقیانوس، صحرای بزرگ افریقا و مصر صورت می‌دهد و داستان این سفر،‌ در خلال چند واقعه،‌ به زبان دوست جدایی‌ناپذیرش هک بازگفته می‌شود. همسفرهای دیگر عبارت‌اند از جیم،‌ برده سیاه‌پوست‌، و دیوانه‌ای که سازنده بالون است و سرانجام توی اقیانوس می‌پرد و سه نفر دیگر را توی بالون رها می‌کند تا گلیمشان را خودشان از آب بیرون بکشند. در مقابل مسائل متعددی که آن وقت پیش می‌آید،‌ تنها تام مثل آدم باهوش و آرام رفتار می‌کند و سرعت عمل بسیار نشان می‌دهد. دو نفر دیگر به بحث و جدل می‌پردازند و ایرادها و اعتراضهای بی‌پایانی برمی انگیزند. تواین، در جریان این گفتگوها که اغلب بسیار خوشمزه است نه تنها به توصیف سه سیما توفیق می‌یابد بلکه سه طرز تفکر مختلف را هم وصف می‌کند و توصیفهایش اغلب جنبه هجو دارد. عبدالله توکل. فرهنگ آثار. سروش. 1.Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)  2.Huck Finn  3.Joe  4.Muff Potter  5.Silas

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